Европа. Борьба за господство - Брендан Симмс

146

Joachim Whaley, ‘A tolerant society? Religious toleration in the Holy Roman Empire, 1648–1806’, in Ole Grell and Roy Porter (eds.), Toleration in Enlightenment Europe (Cambridge, 2000), pp. 175–95, especially pp. 176–7.

147

Derek Croxton, ‘The Peace of Westphalia of 1648 and the origins of sovereignty’, International History Review, 21, 3 (1999) pp. 569–91 (quotations pp. 589–90).

148

Andreas Osiander, ‘Sovereignty, international relations, and the Westphalian myth’, International Organization, 55 (2001), pp. 251–87; Stéphane Beaulac, ‘The Westphalian legal orthodoxy – myth or reality?’, Journal of the History of International Law, 2 (2000), pp. 148–77; and Stephen D. Krasner, ‘Westphalia and all that’, in Judith Goldstein and Robert O. Keohane (eds.), Ideas and foreign policy. Beliefs, institutions and political change (Ithaca and London, 1993), p. 235. Социологический взгляд: Benno Teschke, The myth of 1648. Class, geopolitics, and the making of modern international relations (London and New York, 2003).

149

Peter Englund, Die Verwüstung Deutschlands. Eine Geschichte des dreissigjährigen Krieges (Stuttgart, 1998), especially pp. 343–63, and Thomas Robisheaux, Rural society and the search for order in Early Modern Germany (Cambridge, 1989), pp. 201–26.

150

Ian Roy, ‘England turned Germany? The aftermath of the Civil War in its European context’, Transactions of the Royal Historical Society, Fifth Series, 28 (1978), pp. 127–44 (especially pp. 127–30).

151

Иное мнение: David Lederer, ‘The myth of the all-destructive war: afterthoughts on German suffering, 1618–1648’, German History, 29, 3 (2011), pp. 380–403.

152

Quoted in Klaus Malettke, ‘Europabewusstsein und europäische Friedenspläne im 17. und 18. Jahrhundert’, Francia, 21 (1994), pp. 63–94 (p. 69).

153

Quoted in Sven Externbrink, Friedrich der Grosse, Maria Theresia und das alte Reich. Deutschlandbild und diplomatie Frankreichs im Siebenjährigen Krieg (Berlin, 2006), pp. 89–90.

154

David Onnekink (ed.), War and religion after Westphalia, 1648–1713 (Farnham, 2009), pp. 1–15.

155

Букв. «имперское установление» (нем.). Примеч. ред.

156

Bernd Marquardt, ‘Zur reichsgerichtlichen Aberkennung der Herrschergewalt wegen Missbrauchs: Tyrannenprozesse vor dem Reichshofrat am Beispiel des südöstlichen schwäbischen Reichskreises’, in Anette Baumann, Peter Oestmann, Stephan Wendehorst and Siegrid Westphal (eds.), Prozesspraxis im alten Reich. Annäherungen – Fallstudien – Statistiken (Cologne, Weimar and Vienna, 2005).

157

Karl Härter, ‘Sicherheit und Frieden im frühneuzeitlichen Alten Reich: zur, Funktion der Reichsverfassung als Sicherheits – und Friedensordnung 1648–1806’, Zeitschrift für historische Forschung, 30 (2003), pp. 413–31.

158

D. J. B. Trim, “If a prince use tyrannie towards his people”: interventions on behalf of foreign populations in Early Modern Europe’, in Brendan Simms and D. J. B. Trim (eds.), Humanitarian intervention. A history (Cambridge, 2011), pp. 54–64.

159

Thomas Gage’s remarks of about 1654 are cited in Charles P. Korr, Cromwell and the New Model foreign policy. England’s policy toward France, 1649–1658 (Berkeley, Los Angeles and London, 1975) p. 89. Article 42 of the Treaty of the Pyrenees is cited in Peter Sahlins, ‘Natural frontiers revisited. France’s boundaries since the seventeenth century’, American Historical Review, 95, 5 (1990), pp. 1423–51 (p. 1430).

160

Robert I. Frost, The northern wars. War, state and society in north-eastern Europe, 1558–1721 (Harlow, 2000), pp. 198–200.

161

The Great Elector is cited in Richard Dietrich (ed.), Die politischen Testamente der Hohenzollern (Cologne and Vienna, 1986), p. 188.

162

Paul Sonnino, Mazarin’s quest. The Congress of Westphalia and the coming of the Fronde (Cambridge, Mass., and London, 2008), pp. 168–71.

163

Richard Bonney, Society and government in France under Richelieu and Mazarin 1624–61 (Basingstoke, 1988), pp. 21–5.

164

Cited in Christopher Clark, Iron kingdom. The rise and downfall of Prussia, 1600–1947 (London, 2006), p. 55.

165

Christoph Fürbringer, Necessitas und libertas. Staatsbildung und Landstände im 17. Jahrhundert in Brandenburg (Frankfurt, 1985), passim (quotations pp. 56, 67 and 162–3).

166

F. L. Carsten, ‘The resistance of Cleves and Mark to the despotic policy of the Great Elector’, The English Historical Review, LXVI, 259 (1951), pp. 219–41, especially pp. 223–4 and 232 on the foreign policy link.

167

Ferdinand Grönebaum, Frankreich in Ost – und Nordeuropa. Die französisch-russischen Beziehungen von 1648–1689 (Wiesbaden, 1968), especially pp. 32–3.

168

Peter Burke, The fabrication of Louis XIV (New Haven, 1992).

169

Georges Livet, ‘Louis XIV and the Germanies’, in Ragnhild Hatton (ed.), Louis XIV and Europe (London and Basingstoke, 1976), pp. 60–81, especially pp. 62–3.

170

Quoted in Andrew Lossky, Louis XIV and the French monarchy (New Brunswick, NJ, 1994), p. 129.

171

Guy Rowlands, The dynastic state and the army under Louis XIV. Royal service and private interest, 1661–1701 (Cambridge, 2002).

172

Стратегическая мотивация: Leslie Tuttle, Conceiving the old regime. Pronatalism and the politics of reproduction in Early Modern France (Oxford, 2010), p. 7.

173

John A. Lynn, Giant of the Grand Siècle. The French army, 1610–1715 (Cambridge, 1997), especially pp. 595–609.

174

William Beik, Absolutism and society in seventeenth-century France. State power and provincial aristocracy in Languedoc (Cambridge, 1985), pp. 150–51 and 156–7, and Bailey Stone, The genesis of the French Revolution. A global-historical interpretation (Cambridge, 1994), p. 58. The quotations range from the 1630s to the 1690s.

175

Название одной из высших должностей в Соединенных провинциях, дававшей право, в частности, от имени Генеральных штатов вести переговоры с иноземными послами и министрами. Примеч. ред.

176

Writing in 1673, quoted in Klaus Malettke, Frankreich, Deutschland und Europa im 17 und 18. Jahrhundert. Beiträge zum Ein uss französischer politischer Theorie, Verfassung und Aussenpolitik in der Frühen Neuzeit (Marburg, 1994), p. 311.

177

О влиянии внешнего давления на работу сейма: Anton Schindling, Die Anfänge des immerwährenden Reichstags zu Regensburg. Ständevertretung und Staatskunst nach dem Westfälischen Frieden (Mainz, 1991), pp. 53–5, 68–90 and 229–30.

178

Wout Troost, ‘“To restore and preserve the liberty of Europe”. William III’s ideas on foreign policy’, in David Onnekink and Gijs Rommelse (eds.), Ideology and foreign policy in Early Modern Europe (1650–1750) (Farn – ham, 2011), pp. 283–304 (German context pp. 288–9).

179

О важности Нидерландов и Германии для испанской стратегии: Christopher Storrs, The resilience of the Spanish monarchy, 1665–1700 (Oxford, 2006), pp. 14 and 113–14. Аннексия Франш-Конте: Darryl Dee, Expansion and crisis in Louis XIV’s France. Franche-Comté and absolute monarchy, 1674–1715 (Rochester, NY, and Woodbridge, 2009).

180

Sonja Schultheiss-Heinz, ‘Contemporaneity in 1672–1679: the Paris Gazette, the London Gazette, and the Teutsche Kriegs-Kurier (1672–1679)’, in Brendan Dooley (ed.), The dissemination of news and the emergence of contemporaneity in Early Modern Europe (Farnham, 2010), pp. 115–36.

181

Об английских политических памфлетах: Tony Claydon, Europe and the making of England, 1660–1760 (Cambridge, 2007), pp. 220–25. Германия: Erich Everth, Die Öffentlichkeit in der Aussenpolitik von Karl V. bis Napoleon (Jena, 1931), pp. 155–7.

182

Alexander Schmidt, ‘Ein französischer Kaiser? Die Diskussion um die Nationalität des Reichsoberhauptes im 17. Jahrhundert’, Historisches Jahrbuch, 123 (2003), pp. 149–77, especially pp. 150, 156–8 and 174.

183

Gabriel Glickman, ‘Conflicting visions: foreign affairs in domestic debate, 1660–1689’, in William Mulligan and Brendan Simms (eds.), The primacy of foreign policy in British history, 1660–2000. How strategic concerns shaped modern Britain (Basingstoke, 2010), pp. 15–31.

184

Quoted in Brendan Simms, Three victories and a defeat. The rise and fall of the first British Empire, 1714–1783 (London, 2007), p. 32.

185

Annabel Patterson, The Long Parliament of Charles II (New Haven and London, 2008), pp. 178–208, especially pp. 179–80.

186

О важности «деволюционной войны» для отношения немцев к Людовику: Martin Wrede, Das Reich und seine Feinde: politische Feindbilder in der reichspatriotischen Publizistik zwischen Westfälischem Frieden und Siebenjährigem Krieg (Mainz, 2004), pp. 330–407.

187

Leonard Krieger, The German idea of freedom. History of a political tradition (Chicago and London, 1957), pp. 6, 19 and passim.

188

Quoted in Peter SchrÖder, ‘The constitution of the Holy Roman Empire after 1648: Samuel Pufendorf’s assessment in his Monzambano’, Historical Journal, 42 (1999), pp. 961–83 (quotation p. 970).

189

Wolfgang Burgdorf, Reichskonstitution und Nation. Verfassungsreformprojekte für das Heilige Römische Reich deutscher Nation im politischen Schrifttum von 1648 bis 1806 (Mainz, 1998), W. H. Pufendorf quotations pp. 70–73.

190

Sophus Reinert, Translating Empire. Emulation and the origins of political economy (Cambridge, Mass., 2011).

191

О Вестфальском мире, пиренейском мире и имперской политике Испании: Stanley H. Stein and Barbara H. Stein, Silver, trade and war. Spain and America in the making of Early Modern Europe (Baltimore and London, 2000), pp. 57–105.

192

Louvois’s remark of June 1684 is cited in Livet, ‘Louis XIV and the Germanies’.

193

Wouter Troost, ‘William III, Brandenburg, and the construction of the anti-French coalition, 1672–88’, in Jonathan Israel (ed.), The Anglo-Dutch moment. Essays on the Glorious Revolution and its world impact (Cambridge, 1991), pp. 299–333.

194

Quoted in G. Symcox, ‘Louis XIV and the outbreak of the Nine Years War’, in Ragnhild Hatton (ed.), Louis XIV in Europe (London, 1976), p. 187.

195

Quoted in John A. Lynn, The wars of Louis XIV, 1667–1714 (London and New York, 1999), p. 197.

196

Quotations in Claydon, Europe and the making of England, pp. 56 and 239.

197

Charles II is quoted in ibid., p. 237.

198

Tony Claydon, William III and the godly revolution (Cambridge, 1996), pp. 138–40 and passim.

199

Christopher Storrs, ‘The army of Lombardy and the resilience of Spanish power in Italy in the reign of Carlos II (1665–1700)’, in War in History, Part I, 4 (1997), pp. 371–97, and Part II, 5 (1998), pp. 1–22.

200

Quoted in Wout Troost, ‘Ireland’s role in the foreign policy of William III’, in Esther Mijers and David Onnekink (eds.), Rede ning William III. The impact of the King-Stadholder in international context (Aldershot, 2007), pp. 53–68 (quotation p. 53).

201

Quoted in Everth, Öffentlichkeit in der Aussenpolitik, p. 147.

202

Steve Pincus, 1688. The first modern revolution (New Haven and London, 2009), pp. 475–7 and passim.

203

David Stasavage, Public debt and the birth of the democratic state. France and Great Britain, 1688–1789 (Cambridge, 2003).

204

Philip J. Stern, The company-state. Corporate sovereignty and the Early Modern foundations of the British Empire in India (Oxford, 2011).

205

Robert D. McJimsey, ‘A country divided? English politics and the Nine Years’ War’, Albion, 23, 1 (1991), pp. 61–74.

206

Quoted in Miles Ogborn, ‘The capacities of the state: Charles Davenant and the management of the excise, 1683–1698’, Journal of Historical Geography, 24 (1998), pp. 289–312.

207

A. F. Upton, Charles XI and Swedish absolutism (Cambridge, 1998), pp. 71–89.

208

Peter H. Wilson, War, state and society in Württemberg, 1677–1793 (Cambridge, 1995), especially pp. 247–8.

209

Andre Wakefield, The disordered police state. German cameralism as science and practice (Chicago and London, 2009).

210

Owen Stanwood, ‘The Protestant moment: anti-popery, the Revolution of 1688–1689, and the making of an Anglo-American empire’, Journal of British Studies, 46 (2007), pp. 481–508 (quotations pp. 488, 491, 501 and 491).

211

Quoted in Christian Greiner, ‘Das “Schild des Reiches”. Markgraf Ludwig Wilhelm von Baden-Baden (1655–1707) und die “Reichsbarriere” am Oberrhein’, in Johannes Kunisch (ed.), Expansion und Gleichgewicht. Studien zur europäischen Mächtepolitik des ancien régime (Berlin, 1986), pp. 31–68 (quotation p. 47).