Английский язык для студентов сельскохозяйственных вузов - Светлана Дмитриева
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‒ устная монологическая речь
!!! – исключения из правил (правила чтения)
Задания к упражнениямAnswer the questions – Ответьте на вопросы
Finish up the sentences ( Сomplete the dialogues) – Закончите предложения (диалоги)
Read … – Прочитайте …
Compare … – Сравните …
Make up … – Составьте …
Use … – Употребите …
Find – Найдите …
Match – Подберите (соответствующий вариант) …
Translate … – Переведите …
Fill in the table – Заполните таблицу
Discuss … – Обсудите …
Find English equivalents – Найдите английские эквиваленты
Correct … – Исправьте …
Make a report – Подготовьте сообщение
Suggest the title – предложите заглавие
Add … – Добавьте …
After the model – по образцу
Write a composition – Напишите сочинение
Choose the correct variant – Выберите верный вариант
Retell … – Перескажите …
Divide … – Разделите …
Key sentences – ключевые предложения
Scan the text – текст на просмотр
Guess the meaning – догадайтесь о значении
Memorize – запомните
In pairs – в парах
UNIT I
ABOUT MYSELF
1) Meeting People Grammar: Word order; Interrogative sentences; Personal pronouns; To be, to have, to do
2) My Family Grammar: The article; Posessive pronouns; Prepositions
3) My Study Grammar: It; Noun; Demonstrative pronouns
LESSON 1
Task 1. Answer the questions.
1) What is your name? ( My name is … My surname is …) 2) Where are you from? ( I am from …) 3) How old are you? ( I am …) 4) What do you do?
5) Is your family large or small? ( My family is …) 6) What is your hobby?
7) What are you good at?
Task 2. Memorize the following words and phrases.
1. Hello! Hi! – Привет!
2. How do you do? – Здравствуйте.
3. Let me introduce myself. – Позвольте мне представиться.
4. Meet my friend (my sister …). – Познакомьтесь с моим другом (сестрой).
5. Glad (pleased) to meet you. – Приятно с Вами познакомиться.
6. I remember we have met before. – Я помню, мы встречались раньше.
7. Please, call me by my first name. – Пожалуйста, называйте меня по имени.
8. I’m afraid you’re mistaking me for someone else. – Боюсь, Вы меня с кем-то путаете.
9. How are you? – Как дела?
10. Fine, thanks. And you? – Хорошо, спасибо. А у Вас?
8. So, so. – Так себе.
9. See you soon. – Пока.
10. Here is my address and my telephone number, just in case. – Здесь мой адрес и номер моего телефона, на всякий случай.
11. patronymic [ pætrə΄nimik] – отчество
12. private [΄praivit] address [ə΄dres] – адрес
13. curriculum vitae [kə΄rikjuləm΄vi: tai] – сведения об учебе и трудовой деятельности
14. What languages [΄læŋgwiʤiz] do you speak? – На каких языках ты говоришь?
15. I speak English and a little French. – Я говорю по-английски и немного пофранцузски.
16. What do you like doing in your spare time? – Чем любите заниматься в свободное время?
17. I am fond of dancing (football, music, cooking, …). – Я увлекаюсь танцами (футболом, музыкой, люблю готовить, … ).
20. My hobby is reading. – Мое хобби – чтение.
21. I am good at sport. – Я успешно занимаюсь спортом.
Task 3. Respond to the following remarks.
1) – Let me introduce myself. My name is Oliver Brown.
– …
2) – Hello, Nick!
– …
3) – How are you?
– …
4) – What do you do?
– …
5) – What is your mother’s occupation?
– …
6) – Is your family large?
– …
7) – What is your hobby?
– …
8) – Meet my friend Peter.
– …
9) – How do you do.
– …
Task 4. Match the questions and answers.
Personal characteristicsTask 5. Use a dictionary to look up new words and complete the chart.
Strong and fit; trustworthy, persistent and hardworking; punctual and careful; wellmannered and tactful; lazy; bright and intelligent; absent-minded; shy; know how to deal with all sorts of people; a rude person; active and creative, can cook well.
Star signsThere are 12 star signs, and people who belong to a definite sign have their own character, habits and manners.
Task 6. Examine the description and check your partner’s star sign. Do you think it’s true or untrue? Copy and complete the chart below.
Task 7. Complete the following after the model:
Model: Capricorns are economical because they always save their pocket money.
1. … are absent-minded because they …
2. … are active and ambicious because they …
3. … make friends easily because they …
4. … are honest and frank because they …
5. … are hard-working because they …
Task 8. Put the letters in the correct order to make the names of the following jobs and occupations: экономист, шофер, инженер, фермер, врач, строитель, учитель. What star signs are the best for them?
Ramfer, neigreen, dverir, cheater, rotcod, biudrle, meconotsi.
Task 9. Fill in the form:
What do you look like?Use the words to describe a person:
A girl (a woman): nice, pretty, long/short-haired, fair/dark-haired, blonde, blue/brown-eyed, slim, fat, long-legged, a pleasant smile, is wearing jeans, goodlooking, pleasant, kind, beautiful.
A man: young, handsome, strong, well-built, tall/short, dark/fair-haired, has brown eyes, a big (small, straight) nose, short-cut hair, curly hair.
Text 1 CommunicationWe can communicate with other people in many different ways. We can talk and write, and we can send messages with our hands and faces. There is also the phone (including the mobile!), the fax and e-mail. Television, film, painting, and photography can also communicate ideas.
Developing good communication skills is an important part of living a fulfilled life (полноценная жизнь) because:
• The average worker spends 50 percent of his or her time communicating.
• Business success is 85 percent dependent on effective communication and interpersonal skills (способность строить отношения и взаимопонимание с людьми).
• Forty-five percent of time spent communicating is listening.
• Writing represents nine percent of communication time.
• One-fourth of all workplace mistakes are the result of poor communication.
No matter (независимо от) what your age, background, or experience, effective communication is a skill you can learn.
Obviously, it is impossible to tell someone how to have a conversation, but here are some things that help:
• Ask questions.
• Show that you are interested.
• Don’t just answer yes or no.
• Try to add a comment of your own.
• Don’t let the conversation stop.
Exercise. 1. Scan the text.
Exercise 2. Here is the plan. Is it true?
I Ways of communication
II Importance of communication
III Having a conversation
Exercise 3. Choose the best answer.
– Hello, what’s your name?
a) Mary. b) Mary. And what’s your name?
– What a lovely day, isn’t it?
a) Oh, yes. I like such weather. What kind of weather do you like? b) Hmm, I don’t know.
– Where are you from?
a) Moscow. b) I come from Moscow, one of the busiest cities of the world. And what about you?
– Are you having a good time?
a) Hmm, yes. b) Yes, I meet a lot of people and see wonderful places.
Exercise 4. Write your tips to improve conversations within other people.
BE READYIntroduce yourself and your friend.
PHONETICS Правила чтения гласных в ударном слоге Открытый слогОткрытый слог оканчивается на гласную или на согласную, за которой следует немая гласная «е». Как правило, в таком слоге гласная читается так же как в алфавите.
Exercise 1. Read the words correctly.
a) date, lake, safe, make, take, state, plane, wave, frame, plate, mis΄take.
b) me, he, we, be, she, eve, Pete, these, theme.
c) I, hi, mine, wife, time, de΄fine, wine, like, dis΄like, a΄live, in΄vite, five,
d) no, go, home, alone, close, slope, note, ago, rose, hope, wrote, spoke, zone, pole.
e) use, re΄fuse, mule, tune, tube, ΄human, ΄student, super, a΄cute, June.
f) my, sky, why, try, type, cycle, fly, rely, apply, supp΄ly, dry, dyne, style.
!!! Remember: have [hæv], give [giv], some [s٨m], come [k٨m], live [liv], do [du:], two [tu:].
Закрытый слогПри закрытом положении слог оканчивается на одну или более согласных ( кроме r) в односложных словах, или за ударной гласной следуют две или более согласных ( кроме r) в многосложных словах. Все гласные в таком положении читаются кратко.
!!! Remember: Буква o перед m, n, th, v передаёт звук [٨]. e. g. London, Monday, son, front, month, another, mother, love, brother.
Буква u в словах: pull, full, put, push читается как [u]
Exercise 2. Read the words correctly.
a) map, sat, sad, stand, lamp, happy, apple, cat, fat, plan, bag, land, as, man, battle.
b) desk, net, next, bed, fed, red, men, ten, left, melt, send, sent, smell, best, end.
c) tip, lip, miss, will, fit, this, slim, disk, differ, win, clip, since, resist, sit, pick.
d) crop, stop, fodder, cross, on, not, pot, lot, got, offer, spot, hot, lock, dog, fog, log.
e) up, plus, cut, sun, be΄gun, bus, must, butter, bulb, pulse, number, re΄sult, ΄hundred.
!!! f) have, love, come, some, glove, dove, mother, pull, push, full, put, monk.
Чтение гласных в сочетании с “r”
!!! Remember w+ar [o: ] war, ward
w+o [ə:] work, word, world.
В безударном положении на конце слов буквосочетания: or, er дают нейтральный звук: [ ə:] instructor, worker.
Exercise 3. Read the words correctly.
a) start, smart, car, far, dark, mark, lark, star, part, ΄party, park, farm, ΄farming.
b) for, sport, thorn, storm, or, born, corn, scorn, forth, fork, pork, North.
c) fur, curl, ΄murder, hurl, burn, ΄burning, burst, ab΄surd, oc΄cur, purpose.
d) first, sir, thirsty, dirt, ΄dirty, firm, skirt, shirt, ΄circle, ΄circus, fir, girl, ΄birthday.
e) her, ΄certain, ΄certainly, in΄sert, term, ΄terminal, re΄verse, Uni΄verse, in΄ternal,
f) director, factor, worker, computer, semester, manager, fertilizer, tutor,
Чтение согласной “c”
Exercise 4. Read the words correctly.
Circle, act, cube, chalk, case, cut, match, class, cattle, customer, cucumber, chalk, chemistry, center, century, bicycle, circumstances, machine.
GRAMMAR WORD ORDER Порядок слов в английском предложенииВ английском языке в повествовательном предложении существует фиксированный порядок слов: 1 место – подлежащее, 2 место – сказуемое, 3 место – дополнение, 4 место – обстоятельство. Обстоятельство может стоять также в начале предложения (0 место). Определение является единственным членом предложения, который не имеет фиксированного положения. Оно стоит с существительным, к которому относится.
